£PARA öPAR@ ` lTEXT ` ^Catt, Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman1859╨1947reformerBorn on January 9, 1859, in Ripon, Wisconsin, Carrie Lane grew up there and from 1866 in Charles City, Iowa. She worked her way through Iowa State College (now University), graduated in 1880, and after a short time spent reading law became a high school principal in Mason City in 1881. Two years later she was appointed superintendent of schools, one of the first women to hold such a position. In February 1885 she married Leo Chapman, publisher and editor of the Mason City Republican. In 1886 he died while visiting California preparatory to moving there and before Carrie Chapman could join him. Stranded on her arrival in San Francisco, she worked briefly as a newspaper reporter there and then returned to Iowa in 1887. A short time later Chapman joined and became an organizer for the Iowa Woman Suffrage Association. In June 1890 she married George W. Catt, a Seattle, Washington, engineer who encouraged her to continue her suffrage work. As an organizer Catt was highly successful. In 1895 she was named chairman of the organization committee in charge of field work of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and in 1900 she was elected to succeed Susan B. Anthony as president of the association. In 1904 in Berlin she was a founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, of which she served as president until 1923 and thereafter as honorary chairman. In 1904 she resigned the presidency of the national organization to care for her husband, who died the next year. At the outbreak of World War I Catt joined Jane Addams and others in forming the Woman╒s Peace party. In 1913╨1915 she led a brilliant although unsuccessful woman suffrage campaign in New York, and in December 1915 she was again elected president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Buoyed by the nearly $1 million bequest of Miriam Leslie, the organization adopted Catt╒s ╥Winning Plan╙ and opened a massive drive for a constitutional amendment to provide national woman suffrage. The success of a second New York State referendum in 1917, followed by President Woodrow Wilson╒s conversion to the cause of suffrage in 1918 attested the effectiveness of Catt╒s flexible strategy of working at both federal and state levels to build support for woman suffrage. Tireless lobbying in Congress (directed by Maud Wood Park) and then in state legislatures finally produced a ratified Nineteenth Amendment in August 1920. The final triumph was in large part a tribute to her imaginative and tactful leadership. The year before, she had prepared for victory by laying the groundwork for what was organized in 1920 as the League of Women Voters to undertake necessary educational work; she was honorary president of the league for the rest of her life. In 1923 she published Woman Suffrage and Politics: The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement with Nettie R. Shuler. In 1925 Catt founded the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War and served as its chairman until 1932 (thereafter as honorary chairman). She was active also in support of the League of Nations, for relief of Jewish refugees from Germany, and on behalf of a child-labor amendment. She strongly supported the United Nations after World War II. Widely honored as one of the outstanding women of her time, Catt died in New Rochelle, New York, on March 9, 1947. ╞styl ` ! ¬ " 5¬ , 5¬ 6 !I !I !I 5¬ !I ╙ !I ▐ π !I 5¬ !I J !I ▐ U !I x !I ▐ à !I W !I ▐ e !I
# 5¬
$ !I + !I p !I Nlink ` HYPR ╙ πHYPR J UHYPR x àHYPR W e
